Research methods
Where Does a Good Research Question Begin?
A research question is not a topic with a question mark. It guides theory, data, method and the contribution of the study.
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Research Methods
Articles supporting the development of research questions, models, methods, measurement, data analysis and publication arguments.
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Research methods
From Practical Problem to Research Model
A research model should explain a mechanism, not merely display many variables connected by arrows.
Research methods
Choosing Quantitative, Qualitative or Mixed Methods
Method choice should follow the type of evidence needed, not habit, convenience or the belief that one method is always superior.
Research methods
Measurement Scales Are Not Question Lists
A measurement scale must be grounded in the definition of a construct and supported by evidence of reliability and validity.
Research methods
Writing a Scientific Article: From Results to Argument
A scientific article is not a report of all results. It is an argument that explains why the question matters and what the evidence…
Research methods
Test the Questionnaire Before Surveying
A purposeful questionnaire pretest reveals unclear questions, broken response flows, and technical risks before the main data collection begins.
Research methods
Ask One Thing per Survey Question
Combining several issues in one survey item makes ratings difficult to interpret. Separate the issues, specify the period, and test understanding.
Research methods
Choose Variables From the Decision Question
Do not begin with familiar variables. Begin with the decision the study must help its reader make.
Research methods
Is Your Study Measuring Customers or Companies?
Before choosing a sample or running an analysis, define whether the study seeks to understand people, transactions, organisations, or events. That is the unit…
Research methods
Check Data Before You Test It
Statistical testing cannot repair a faulty dataset. Before running a model, check the unit of analysis, missing values, coding, outliers, and the trail back…
Research methods
How Many Interviews Are Enough?
Qualitative research has no universal sample size. Adequacy must be explained through the study purpose, participant diversity, data quality, and the depth of understanding…
Research methods
Does a Survey Question Measure What You Need to Know?
A question that is easy to answer does not necessarily produce useful information. Three simple checks help a questionnaire measure what the research actually…
Research methods
Where Should Questionnaire Design Begin?
A measurement decision map helps a research team define what it needs to know, whom to measure, and how results will be used before…
Research methods
Why Data Analysis Needs a Decision Log
A short decision log keeps a study connected from its question, data, and processing rules to results that can be checked.
Research methods
Quantitative Surveys Should Begin with the Problem, Not the Questionnaire
How to move from a practical problem to questions, indicators, sample, and conclusions without turning a questionnaire into a disconnected list of items.
Research methods
How Do You Design Measures That Answer the Research Question?
A good questionnaire does not begin by writing items. It begins by clarifying what the study must explain, which mechanism must be observed, and…
Research methods
Do Not Choose a Method Before Identifying the Evidence You Need
Research methods should follow the evidence needed to answer the question, not a habit of using a familiar tool.
Research methods
How Do You Build a Coherent Study from Research Questions?
A coherent research framework starts with the question to be answered, then identifies concepts, variables, relationships and measurement.
Research methods
Literature Reviews Need an Argument, Not a Catalogue
A strong literature review organizes knowledge, demonstrates the research gap and leads naturally to the research question.
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